Book end section



Oct. 23, 1928. 1,688,667

7 5. SMITH BOOK END SECTION Filed flay 16, 1927 amnion E gar-15m iZh Patented Oct. 23, 1928.

UNITED STATES 1,688,667 PATENT OFFICE.

SWAN SMITH, OF WHITE BEAR, MINNESOTA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO WEST PUB- LISHING COMPANY, OF ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA, A CORPORATION OF MINNESOTA.

BOOK END SECTION.

Application filed May 16,

My invention relates to improvements in methods of forming book end-sections.

The conventional book end-section including a fabric hinge-strip, in practically all instances, is made up by hand in the. following manner: A number of stacked sheets, combed down to expose successive marginal areas thereof, are pasted along said exposed areas. The uppermost sheet of the combed pack is slid back a short distance on the next sheet and a fabric strip (Fig. 8 of the drawing) disposed on said two sheets with one longitudinal marginal portion of said strip lying upon the pasted marginll of one sheet 12 and the opposite marginal portion of said strip lying upon the pasted margin 13 of the other sheet 1%. The fabric strip is then sealed to said sheets, the result being that an assembly of sheets and strip is provided, one sheet be-i ing bound by a fabric flap and secured to the other sheet through said flap. The sheet having the fabric flap 10 is known as the endsheet, the other sheet 1 1 being known as the fly-leaf. Said assembly of sheets and bingestrip is gathered with a printed terminal section (Fig. 2) that has been pasted along the back margin ofthe inner sheet thereof, the fly-leaf of the assembly being laid next to the outer sheet of the printed-section. The marginal portion of the assembly is turnedover the back edge of the printed section, the margin of the fly-leaf being brought against the pasted margin of said printed-section, the lines of fold in the assembly occurring in the fiy-leaf and in the flap or hinge-strip, which superimposes said fly-leaf. Thus, an end-section is completed by hand and ready for hand binding in. a book, afterwhich process, the endsheet is pasted to the adjacent book cover.

In attempting to obtain quantity production in binderies it has been found that one of the chief impediments resided in the customary slow method of manually forming endsections, as above explained, the result being that an urgent need developed for a practical method of forming end-sections by machinery.

Experiments with machinery for supplanting hand labor has seemed to require changes of one kind or another in, the conventional form of end-sections, none of which changes appear to meet with the approval of experienced binders. The problem, therefore, of evolving a method for making conventional book end-sections, which method may be car 1927. Serial No. 191,936.

ried out practically in mechanism for form- The foregoing and other objects of the inr vention will more fully appear in the following specification and claim.

In the accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 is a fragmentary view of a book end-section formed by my improved method of construct ing such end-sections; Fig. 2 is a fragmentary view of a conventional printed tern'iinalsection; Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view of an elongated sheet employed in my improved method; Fig. 4 is a fragmentary view of such sheet illustrating a hinge. strip as bound thereto in the process; Fig. 5 is a view of such sheet illustrating the same in the act of being folded upon itself; Fig. 6 is a View, progressed beyond that of Fig. 5, showing the completed fiy-leaf, end-sheet and hinge strip assembly; Fig. 'T'is a further progressed view showing such assembly gathered with a printed terminal-section and being turned at the hinged margin thereof over the back of said terminal-section, and Fig. 8 is a view showing the separate fly-leaf and end-sheet separately pasted and arranged intheir relative positions under the old method of providing such independent members with a hinge-strip.

Similar parts in the several views of the drawings, bear similar reference characters to which I have hereinbefore made reference and to which I shall refer in the. following specification.

In my improved method of forming the conventional book end-sections, which comprises a printed terminal-section, a fly-leaf and a fabric hinged end-sheet for attachment to a book cover, I arrange for the provision of the fly-leaf and end-sheet in a single elongated sheet A which may be folded from endto-end along a transverse line near the center of such sheet. By thus employing a sheet of this description to provide two members of the ultimate end-section 13 (Fig. 1),-viz; the

fly-leaf 14 and end-sheet 12, I allow for-the gated sheet A on opposite faces thereof as at 11' and 18, then marginally seating a fabric hinge-strip 10" to one of the pasted margins 11, then folding the elongated sheet end-wise and slightly off-center to bring the free margin of the hinge-strip onto the other pasted margin 13 of said elongated sheet and thereby form the fly-leaf 1aand also the companion end-sheet 12 therefor in the desired composite form which consists, in the main, of the outer fold of the elongated sheet and includes the back bordering fabric strip 10 having marginal connection with-the back margin. of said fly-leaf 14. In pasting the single elongated sheet,rather than two sep arate smaller sheets as at 12 and 14, Fig. 8,

the operation by means of mechanisms is simplified by reason of the fact that it is easier to provide a structure for handling and operating upon-one relatively large sheet than it to provide a structure for handling and operatingupon two separate and relatively small sheets. Then too, the problem of mechanically holding the fly-leaf and endsheet in their relative posit-ions during the mounting of the hinge-strip is more simple.

when such members are attached to one another, as they are in the folded sheet, than when such members comprise separate sheetsthe hinge-strip is largely avoided in several-' ly sealing its margins to its companion members and that the handling of said hingestrip in such application thereof to said members is much more simple, mechanically, than it is to apply the hinge-strip tospaced pasted areas in one operation.

Having formed the fly-leaf, end-sheet and hinge-strip assembly (Fig. 6) by folding a long sheet to provide the fly-leaf and endsheet and by affixing the'hinge-strip, partially before the folding of said sheet and partially thereafter, as above explained, said assembly is gathered with a terminal printed section 7), the fly-leaf being disposed next to the outer sheet of said printed section with the back marginal portion of the assembly overreaching the back edge of the printed section. This over-reaching marginal port-ion of said assembly is then turned about said back edge of said printed section to lap upon the back margin of the inner sheet of said section. This back margin having been treated with paste as at 15, Fig. 7 prior to the gathering of the printed section with said assembly results in a bonding seal between the turned over portion of the fly-leaf and said inner sheet of the printed section, whereupon the formation of the end-section is complete.

The present method of forming book endsections is particularly advantageous in that it may be carried out in practical machines simplified to such extent as to be com-paratively inexpensive in first cost and in operation as well.

Changes in the method as herein specili' claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:

A book end-section comprising a terminal printed section and an end-sheet and hingestrip assembly, said assembly including an elongated sheet folded upon itself on atransverse line olf center of the sheet to bring the ends thereof in spaced relation and further including a hinge-strip marginally secured to the free ends of said folded sheet, said assembly being marginallyturned over the back edge of the printed section on a line of fold extending longitudinally of the hinge strip, the back turned portion of said assembly being secured to the printed section.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

SlVAN SMITH.

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